Aqueous nitrocellulose compositions

ABSTRACT

The present invention comprises aqueous cellulose solutions and methods of their making. The solutions of the invention provide coatings and can be employed as nail coatings, protective coatings and non-wax polishes.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is based on PCT application Ser. No. PCT/US93/09262filed Sep. 28, 1993, published as WO94/07952 Apr. 14, 1994, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/954,723, filed Sep.29, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,885.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to aqueous cellulosecompositions and, more particularly, to aqueous cellulose-based coatingsand methods of making.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Nitrocellulose has long been used as a base film forming material forvarious films and coatings. One of its many applications is in lacqueremulsions used in the manufacture of nail coatings or polishes.

Nitrocellulose emulsions used in coatings are generally obtained througheither direct emulsification or indirectly through various inversiontechniques. For example, a conventional lacquer of nitrocellulose andsolvent with emulsifiers is emulsified with the addition of water,inverting from a water-in-lacquer to a lacquer-in-water emulsion.Another inversion technique begins with water-wet nitrocellulose whichis dissolved in the solvent system, with water from the mixturedispersing throughout the solvent phase. Additional water containing anemulsifying agent is added forming a lacquer-in-water emulsion byinversion.

Although many improvements have been made in nail coating performance,conventional nail coatings still employ a relatively high percentage ofvolatile water-immiscible solvents which are relatively toxic, in orderto emulsify the nitrocellulose based material. Water-miscible solventsare not ordinarily used because they promote formation ofwater-in-lacquer rather than lacquer-in-water emulsions. Due to the highpercentage of water-immiscible solvents ordinarily employed to emulsifythe nitrocellulose, the resultant coatings are flammable and potentiallytoxic, with a high rate of volatilization and an unpleasant odor. Inaddition, some individuals become sensitized and develop reactions tothese nail coatings.

It is therefore desirable to provide a method for preparing cellulosesolutions with less reliance on a high percentage of harsh solvents. Itis also desirable to provide cellulose-based compositions which havereduced environmental impact by employing a greater percentage of water.It is further desirable to provide nitrocellulose-based compositions forcoatings with a lower percentage of solvent. It is further desirable toprovide improved nail coatings with a lower percentage of solvents, butwhich do not sacrifice durability and hardness characteristics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel aqueous cellulose compositions andmethods of making such compositions. The present invention alsoencompasses the use of aqueous cellulose compositions in coatings andthe method of making. The coating compositions are free-flowing liquidswhich may be either pigmented or non-pigmented and applied to humannails in a conventional manner. The coating compositions may also beemployed as polishes and protective coatings.

The method for preparing cellulose in water, hereinafter "aqueouscellulose solution," generally comprises the steps of mixing solidnitrocellulose, ethylcellulose or cellulose acetate butyrate and asubstantial amount of water, adding more water with continued mixing andadding a small amount of solvent with continued mixing. The water andsolvent may also be added simultaneously. The above steps are performedat an elevated temperature of about 95° C. to boiling. The resultingmixture is azeotropic-like.

Nitrocellulose-based coatings of the present invention are obtained bymixing a proportional amount of acrylic-based polymers and aqueousnitrocellulose solution. Various additives such as wetting agents,germicides and thickeners may also be added. Pigmented coatings areformed by adding dispersed treated pigments to the nitrocellulose-basedcoatings. The dispersed treated pigments are obtained by repeatedlymixing the pigments with silanes, and titanates, desiccating and then,milling the treated pigments with a wetting agent and a dispersingsurfactant.

The nail coatings of the present invention are primarily aqueous ratherthan solvent-based and employ generally gentler, low volatile organicsolvents. The hardness, durability and water resistance of the nailcoatings of the invention are equal to or surpass those of nail coatingspresently on the market. The coatings of the present invention are alsoless affected by humidity than solvent-based coatings. In addition, thecoatings of the present invention have a high solid content (28%-43%solids), which affords better coverage of imperfections in the nail. Thecoatings of the present invention do not appear to form a continuousfilm as do solvent-based coatings and do not easily chip due to theiradhesive and flexible qualities. The decrease in the high percentage ofsolvents reduces solvent-related problems. The coatings of the presentinvention also more readily permit the exchange of body fluids with theatmosphere, i.e. allowing the nail bed to "breathe."

The coatings of the present invention may also be used as a polish onvinyl, leather, finished and unfinished wood, formica and flooring,including linoleum, ceramic tile, marble and mineral flooring and thelike. The coatings are also useful as polishes for automobiles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS I. Preparation of TheAqueous Cellulose Solution

The aqueous cellulose solution is made with solvents selectivelycompatible with polymers to which it will be added, to enhance theproperties of the particular polymer being used. The invention caninclude nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose or cellulose acetate butyrate,although it will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, othersuitable cellulose compounds or complexes may be used. Examples ofsolvents that may be employed in the present invention include but arenot limited to propylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycolmonopropyl ether, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, isopropyl or ethyl alcohol(32 g) with ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (26 g), dipropylene glycolmonobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycolmethyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, dipropyleneglycol methyl ether acetate, isopropyl acetate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,isopropyl or ethyl alcohol and propylene glycol methyl ether. Examplesof preferred solvents include propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethyleneglycol monobutyl acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether. The solvents of the present invention may alsoact as a freeze-thaw factor. The present invention may also employsurfactants including but not limited to El 620, available from RHONEPOULENC of Cranbury, N.J., FC129 FLUORAD, available from 3M of St. Paul,Minn., SURFYNOL S-104E, available from Air Products, Inc. of Allentown,Pa., L-7001, available from Union Carbide Corp. of Danbury, Conn., andA-196, available from American Cyanamid. The invention can also includeother additives such as ammonium hydroxide, 28%. The pH of the solutionis in the range of from about 2.0 to about 6.0.

Nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose and cellulose acetate butyrate(hereinafter referred to generally as "cellulose compounds") were putinto aqueous solutions according to the following general techniquewherein the amount of distilled water varied from about 2 parts byweight to about 20 parts by weight for every part by weight of cellulosecompound (all measurements are based on employing an open vessel in thepreparation of the compositions). The nitrocellulose was 80% by weight,water packed. Ethylcellulose and cellulose acetate butyrate were 100% byweight. An example of preferred nitrocellulose is that sold by Aqualon,a Hercules Corporation. An example of preferred ethylcellulose is thatsold by Dow Chemical Co. of Midland, Mich. An example of preferredcellulose acetate butyrate is that sold by Eastman Kodak Co. ofRochester, N.Y. The solvents employed range from about 2 parts by weightto about 20 parts by weight for every part by weight of cellulosecompound. The surfactants employed vary from about 0.05 g to about 1.0 gwithout dilution for every part by weight of cellulose compound. Thegeneral technique consists of applying heat in the range of from about70° C. to about boiling, preferably at about 95° C. to about boiling andmixing at a mixer speed of around 8.5 or at a speed great enough to forma vortex in the mixture. The cellulose compound and distilled water aremixed for about five minutes. More water is added and the solution ismixed for about five more minutes. Solvent is added and mixed for abouttwenty more minutes. Variations of this method may be employed asillustrated by the foregoing examples with similar results obtained.

The following are examples of the most preferred methods of preparingaqueous nitrocellulose solutions:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 1

10 g of nitrocellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resulting solutionmixed for 5 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate waspoured into this solution and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 2

10 g of nitrocellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resulting solutionmixed for 5 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was pouredinto the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 3

10 g of nitrocellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resulting solutionmixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and this solution wasmixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was thenpoured into the solution and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 4

10 g of nitrocellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was poured into the mixture and mixedfor 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed in for 8 minutes.40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate was poured into the mixtureand mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 5

10 g of nitrocellulose and 40 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 40 g of distilled water were combined,poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% wasadded and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl etherwas poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 6

10 g of nitrocellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 30 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

The following are examples of the most preferred methods of preparingaqueous ethylcellulose solutions:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 7

10 g of ethylcellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resulting solutionmixed for 5 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate waspoured into this solution and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 8

10 g of ethylcellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resulting solutionmixed for 5 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was pouredinto the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 9

10 g of ethylcellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resulting solutionmixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and this solution wasmixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was thenpoured into the solution and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 10

10 g of ethylcellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was poured into the mixture and mixedfor 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed in for 8 minutes.40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate was poured into the mixtureand mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 11

10 g of ethylcellulose and 40 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 40 g of distilled water were combined,poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% wasadded and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl etherwas poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 12

10 g of ethylcellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 30 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

The following are examples of the most preferred methods of preparingaqueous cellulose acetate butyrate solutions:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 13

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 20 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resultingsolution mixed for 5 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetatewas poured into this solution and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 14

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 20 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resultingsolution mixed for 5 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl etherwas poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 15

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 20 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 20 g of distilled water was added and the resultingsolution mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and thissolution was mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutylether was then poured into the solution and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 16

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 20 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 20 g of distilled water was poured into the mixtureand mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed in for 8minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate was poured into themixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 17

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 40 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 40 g of distilled waterwere combined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 18

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 16.44 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled waterwere combined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 30 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

The following are examples of the preferred method of preparing aqueousnitrocellulose solutions:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 19

10 g of nitrocellulose and 30 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 45 g of distilled water were combinedand poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1%was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutylacetate was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 20

10 g of nitrocellulose and 30 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 45 g of distilled water were combined,poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% wasadded and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl etherwas poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 21

10 g of nitrocellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 46 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl acetate was poured into the mixture and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 22

10 g of nitrocellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 46 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 23

10 g of nitrocellulose and 25 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 25 g of distilled water was poured into the mixture and mixedfor 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate was poured into the mixture andmixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 24

10 g of nitrocellulose and 25 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 25 g of distilled water was poured into the mixture and mixedfor 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40g of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was poured into the mixture andmixed for 20 minutes.

The following are examples of the preferred method of preparing aqueousethylcellulose solutions:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 25

10 g of ethylcellulose and 30 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 45 g of distilled water were combinedand poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1%was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutylacetate was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 26

10 g of ethylcellulose and 30 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 45 g of distilled water were combined,poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% wasadded and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl etherwas poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 27

10 g of ethylcellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 46 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl acetate was poured into the mixture and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 28

10 g of ethylcellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 46 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 29

10 g of ethylcellulose and 25 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 25 g of distilled water was poured into the mixture and mixedfor 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate was poured into the mixture andmixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 30

10 g of ethylcellulose and 25 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 25 g of distilled water was poured into the mixture and mixedfor 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40g of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was poured into the mixture andmixed for 20 minutes.

The following are examples of the preferred method of preparing aqueouscellulose acetate butyrate solutions:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 31

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 30 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 45 g of distilled waterwere combined and poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 gof CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl acetate was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 32

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 30 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 45 g of distilled waterwere combined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 33

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 16.44 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled waterwere combined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 46 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl acetate was poured into the mixture and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 34

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 16.44 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled waterwere combined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 46 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 35

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 25 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 25 g of distilled water was poured into the mixtureand mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate was poured into themixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 36

10 g of cellulose acetate butyrate and 25 g of distilled water weremixed for 5 minutes. 25 g of distilled water was poured into the mixtureand mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8minutes. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was poured into themixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

The following are additional examples of the method of preparing aqueousnitrocellulose solutions:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 37

10 g of nitrocellulose and 30 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 45 g of distilled water were combined,poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H 1% wasadded and mixed for 8 minutes. 2 g of Zn(NH₃)3×(CO₃)×(Zinc AmmoniaCarbonate Complex) and 8 g of distilled water were mixed in for 10minutes. 35 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate was poured into themixture and mixed for 40 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 38

10 g of nitrocellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 20 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether and 26 g of isopropyl acetate were combined, poured intothe mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 39

10 g of nitrocellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 30 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether and 16 g of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 40

10 g of nitrocellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 30 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether and 16 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 25 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 41

10 g of nitrocellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 23 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether and 23 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 25 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 42

10 g of nitrocellulose and 16.44 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (28%) and 24.52 g of distilled water werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 30 g of ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether and 16 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate werecombined, poured into the mixture and mixed for 25 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 43

10 g of nitrocellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was poured into the mixture and mixedfor 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 40g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was poured into the mixture and mixed for 20minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 44

10 g of nitrocellulose and 20 g of distilled water were mixed for 5minutes. 20 g of distilled water was poured into the mixture and mixedfor 5 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% was added and mixed for 8 minutes. 1 gof CO 630 was added. 40 g of ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate waspoured into the mixture and mixed for 20 minutes.

II. Cellulose Based Coatings

Nitrocellulose-based coatings according to the present invention areobtained by mixing a proportional amount of acrylic-based polymers andaqueous nitrocellulose solution. It will be appreciated thatalternatively, a proportional amount of acrylic-based polymers may bemixed with an aqueous ethylcellulose solution or aqueous celluloseacetate butyrate solution in a similar fashion to formethylcellulose-based coatings and cellulose acetate butyrate-basedcoatings. Examples of polymers used in the present invention include butare not limited to A 1054, A 5050, R960 and BT 44, available from ZenecaResins of Wilmington, Del., KRS 2411 and KPS 5545, available from KaneInternational Corp. of Larchmont, N.Y., ZINPOL 25 g, available fromZinchem, Inc. of Somerset, N.J., and CARBOSET 525 and CARBOSET 526,available from B. F. Goodrich Co. of Akron, Ohio. The preferredacrylic-based polymers are A621, A 622, A623, A630, A633, A645, A 655and A 1054, available from Zeneca Resins and JONCRYL 77 and JONCRYL 89,available from S C Johnson of Racine, Wis. The invention can alsoinclude surfactants such as El 620, available from Rhone Poulenc, FC129FLUORAD, available from 3M, SURFYNOL DF-75, SURFYNOL S-104E and SURFYNOLS-104PG, available from Air Products, Inc., L 7001, and L7602, availablefrom Union Carbide Corp., and A-196 and OT75, available from AmericanCyanamid, and SPAN 80, available from ICI Specialties of Wilmington,Del., and others known in the art. Specific silanes such as Z 6040,25-additive and Z-6020, available from Dow Corning Corp. of Midland,Mich. and A 1100, available from Union Carbide Corp. as well as thoseknown in the art may also be employed. The invention can also includetitanates such as TYZOR LA and TYZOR LE, available from E. I. dupontdeNemours & Co., Inc. of Wilmington, Del. (Silanes and titanates arehydrolyzed 24 hours prior to usage to prevent concentrated areas insolution.) Colloidal silicas such as NALCO 2326, NALCO 1115 and NALCO1140, available from Nalco Chemical Co. of Chicago, Ill., anddispersants such as CT 136, available from Air Products, Inc. and L7602, available from Union Carbide Corp., may also be employed.Defoamers such as S-104E and S-104 PG from Air Products (also used as awetting agent) may also be employed. Germicides such as Dowicide,parabens, ammonium hydroxide and others known in the art may also beadded. A preferred germicide is SUTTOCIDE A, sold by Sutton Laboratory,Inc., a GAF Company (aka ISP Manufacturing). Thickeners such as SCT 270and SCT 275, available from Union Carbide Corp., CMC-7H, available fromAqualon Co., and others known in the art may be added. A preferredthickener is KELTROL T, sold by Kelco Company, a division of Merck. Theamount of germicides and thickeners added to the solution is based onthe percentage level of solids in the solution. The amount of thickenerused is in the range of about 0.4 to about 1.5% by weight and the amountof germicide used is also in the range of about 0.4 to about 1.5%weight. Solvents may be added to retard film formation and to allowbetter flow and freeze-thaw properties of the coating. Preferredsolvents include ethanol (100%) or propylene glycol in the range of fromabout 8% by weight to about 10% by weight. Ultraviolet (UV) absorbersmay also be employed to retard degradation of the coatings caused by UVradiation. Examples of suitable UV absorbers include SPECTRASORB UV 5411and UV 531 sold by American Cyanamid, and UVINOL N-35, Etocrylene, soldby BASF. The amount of UV absorber used is in the range of about 0.2 toabout 2% by weight.

The following methods were employed to formulate thenitrocellulose-based coatings. Generally, the material was placed in a1000 ml beaker and a standard laboratory mixer was employed using astandard propeller, at room temperature. The mixer speed was set at 8.5or at a speed great enough to form a vortex in the mixture. The solutionwas poured in a steady stream. A further step of decanting may beemployed if necessary. Further illustrations of the basic method aredepicted in the following examples.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 45

20 g of CARBOSET 525 (15%) and 10 g of distilled water were mixedtogether in a vessel and added to 2.9 g (based on solid content) ofaqueous nitrocellulose solution (prepared as described above) and mixedfor 10 minutes. 20 g of ZINPOL 259 was added and mixed for 10 minuteswith the mixer speed increased to 8 setting. 10 g of KRS 2411 was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water and 10g of ammonia hydroxide (10%) were poured together, mixed in a vessel,added to the above mixture and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of BT 44 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.52 g of DF-75 (10%) at 0.5% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.04 g of S-104E (1%) at0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 5.04 g ofFC-129 (0.01%) at 0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.52 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 5.04 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at 1% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.52 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 0.5% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.52 g of A 1100 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethyleneglycol at 10% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.52 g of L7001 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.0.3 g of N 2326 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 0.3 g of N 1115 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.52 g of A 196 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 46

16 g of C 525 and 10 g of distilled water were combined. 2.9 g solidweight (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added. 10 g of BT 44 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of Z 259 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 5 g of KRS 2411 was added and mixed for10 minutes. 20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g ofdistilled water was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%)was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.2 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.4 g of S 104E (1%) at0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 4.4 g of FC129 (0.01%) at 0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.2.2 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 4.4 g of TYZOR LA(10%) at 1% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.2 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.2 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10%of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115(10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.2 gof A 196 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level of solids was added andmixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 47

16 g of C 525 (15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined. 2.9 g(based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution (prepared asdescribed above) was added. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 10 g of KRS 2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A622 and 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of A 1054was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixed for10 minutes. 15 g of BT 44 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A5050 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.8 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.5%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.6 g of S 104E (1%)at 0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 5.6 g of FC129 (0.01%) at 0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.2.8 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 5.6 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethyleneglycol 10% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 1 g of25-additive (3%) at 0.05% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of A 196 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 48

15 g of BT 44 and 25 g of A 622 were mixed together for 10 minutes. 10 gof A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 2411 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 15 g of C 525 and 10 g of distilled water were combined, addedto the above mixture and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water was added and mixedfor 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixed for 10 minutes.2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 4.72 gof S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30minutes. 2.56 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 4.72 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.5% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes. 2.36 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 0.5% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.72 g of TYZOR LA (10%)at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.36 g of Z6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.2.36 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for15 minutes. 2.36 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 4.6 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 1.02 g of 25-additive at 0.05% of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 0.5% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.36 g of A 196(1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.47 gof CMC-7H-1% at 0.0625% level of solids was added and mixed for 30minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 49

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 16 g of C 525 and10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel and mixed for10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of Z 259 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of BT 44 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%)was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 2.25 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.5 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 4.5 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 2.25 g of Z6040 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.4.5 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.25 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.25 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.25 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10%of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 1 g of 25-additive at0.05% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2325(10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 gof N 1115 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.25 g of A 190 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H-1% at 0.0625% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 50

20 g of A 1054 was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525 and 10 g ofdistilled water were combined, added to the vessel and mixed for 10minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of BT 44was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.9 g (based on solid content) ofaqueous nitrocellulose solution (prepared as described above) was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 10 g of KRS 2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 5545 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water was added and mixed for 10minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.71 gof DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 5.42 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solids was added andmixed for 30 minutes. 5.42 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.05% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes. 2.71 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 0.5% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.42 g of TYZOR LA (10%)at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.71 g of Z6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.2.71 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for15 minutes. 2.71 g of L7001 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 4.86 g of ethylene glycol at 8% of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 1.25 g of 25-additive at 0.05% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.54 g of N 2325 (10%) at0.5% volume of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.54 g of N1115 (10%) at 0.5% volume of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.2.71 g of A 196 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 0.54 g of CMC-7H-1% at 0.0625% level of solids was added andmixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 51

20 g of A 1054 and 15 g of BT 44 were combined and mixed for 10 minutes.10 g of distilled water was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueousnitrocellulose solution (prepared as described above) was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water was added and mixed for 10minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 gof Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 2411 was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 5545 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of C 525 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.71 g of DF75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.5.42 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for30 minutes. 5.42 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.05% level of solids was addedand mixed for 30 minutes. 2.71 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 0.5% level of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.42 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at 1% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.71 g of Z 6020 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.71 g of A1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.2.71 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 4.86 g of ethylene glycol at 8% of solids was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 1.25 g of 25-additive at 0.05% of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 0.54 g of N 2326 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.54 g of N 1115 (10%) at 0.5% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.71 g of A 196 (1%) at 0.5%level of solids was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 0.54 g of CMC-7H-1%at 0.0625% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 52

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 16 g of C 525 and10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel and mixed for10 minutes. 10 g of BT 44 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of Z 269 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilledwater was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 2.2 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.4 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at. 0.05%level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 2.2 g of Z 6040(10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.4 gof TYZOR LA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.2 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.2 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 0.5% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.4 g of S 104E(1%) at 0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 53

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) and 15 g of BT 44 were combined and mixedfor 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 2411 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 5545 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 10 g of distilled water was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of Z 259 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 2.8 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 5.6 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 30 minutes. 5.6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.05% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 2.8 g of Z 6040 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.6 g of TYZORLA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 gof Z 6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.8 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 1 g of 25-additive (3%) at 0.05% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 0.5%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115(10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 gof A 196 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 0.5 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level of solids was added andmixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 54

20 g of A 1054 was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525 and 10 g ofdistilled water were combined, added to the vessel and mixed for 10minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of BT 44was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.9 g solid weight (based on solidcontent) aqueous nitrocellulose solution (prepared as described above)was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added and mixedfor 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 5545 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixed for 10minutes. 2.71 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 5.42 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 30 minutes. 5.42 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.05% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 2.71 g of Z 6040 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.42 g of TYZORLA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.71g of Z 6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.71 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.71 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.86 g of ethylene glycol at 8% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 1.25 g of 25-additive at0.05% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.54 g of N 2326(10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.54 gof N 1115 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.71 g of A 196 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 0.54 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 55

20 g of A 1054 was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525 and 10 g ofdistilled water were combined, added to the vessel and mixed for 10minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of BT 44was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.9 g (based on solid content) ofaqueous nitrocellulose solution (prepared as described above) was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 10 g of KRS 2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS 5545 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of distilled water was added and mixed for 10minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.6 gof DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 5.6 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solids was added andmixed for 30 minutes. 5.6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.05% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes. 2.8 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 0.5% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.6 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of Z 6020(10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 gof 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.8 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 1 g of 25-additive (3%) at 0.05% of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at -0.5% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at 0.5%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of A 196 (1%)at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g ofCMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level of solids was added and mixed for 30minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 56

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 16 g of C 525(15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel andmixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.25 g of A 622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of BT 44 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 2.8 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.5% level of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.6 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% wasadded and mixed for 30 minutes. 5.6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.05% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 2.8 g of Z 6040 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.6 g of TYZORLA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 gof Z 6020 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 2.8 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 0.5% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.8 g of A 196(1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 gof CMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level of solids was added and mixed for 30minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 57

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525(15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel andmixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.25 g of A 622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of BT 44 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 3 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.6% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.02 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 5.02 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 5.01 g of Z6040 (10%) at 1.02% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.10 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at 2% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 5.01 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 1.02% level of solids was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 5.01 g of A 1100 (10%) at 1.02% level of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.5 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.5% levelof solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at10% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.25 g of N 2326 (10%)at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.25 g of N1115 (10%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.2.5 g of A 196 (1%) at 0.5% level of solids was added and mixed for 30minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 58

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel, 20 g of C 525(15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel andmixed for 10 minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.12 g of KRS 2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of BT44 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was addedand mixed for 10 minutes. 3 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.6% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 5.6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.06% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 5.01 g of S 104E (1%) at0.05% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 4 g of Z 6040(10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10 gof TYZOR LA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 4 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 4 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 3 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.06% level of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 1%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115(10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 3 g of A196 (1%) at 0.06% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.0.5 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level of solids was added and mixed for30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 59

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525(15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of C 526 (10%) was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 12 g of KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of BT 44 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixedfor 10 minutes. 3.05 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.6% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5.01 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes. 6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.06% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 4 g of Z 6040 (10%) at0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10 g of TYZORLA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4 gof Z 6020 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 4 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 3 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.06% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 1% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at 1%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 3 g of A 196 (1%) at0.06% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 60

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525(15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of C 526 (10%) was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 12 g of KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of BT 44 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixedfor 10 minutes. 3.05 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.6% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5.01 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes. 6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.06% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 4 g of Z 6040 (10%) at0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10 g of TYZORLA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4 gof Z 6020 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 4 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 3 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.06% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 1% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at 1%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 3 g of A 196 (1%) at0.06% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 3.01 g of SCT270 1% of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 61

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525(15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of C 526 (10%) was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 12 g of KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of BT 44 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixedfor 10 minutes. 3.05 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.6% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5.01 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes. 6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.06% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 4 g of Z 6040 (10%) at0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10 g of TYZORLA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4 gof Z 6020 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 4 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 3 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.06% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 1% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at 1%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 3 g of A196 (1%) at0.06% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.20 g of SCT270 0.75% of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 62

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525(15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of C 526 (10%) was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 12 g of KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of BT 44 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixedfor 10 minutes. 3.05 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.6% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5.01 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes. 6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.06% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 4 g of Z 6040 (10%) at0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10 g of TYZORLA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4 gof Z 6020 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 4 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 3 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.06% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 1% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at 1%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 3 g of A 196 (1%) at0.06% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.04 g of SCT270 at 0.75% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 63

2.9 g (based on solid content) of aqueous nitrocellulose solution(prepared as described above) was added to the vessel. 20 g of C 525(15%) and 10 g of distilled water were combined, added to the vessel andmixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of C 526 (10%) was added and mixed for 10minutes. 20 g of Z 259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 12 g of KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 25 g of A 622 was added andmixed for 10 minutes. 15 g of A 655 was added and mixed for 10 minutes.20 g of A 1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 10 g of BT 44 wasadded and mixed for 10 minutes. 5 g of NH₄ OH (10%) was added and mixedfor 10 minutes. 3.05 g of DF 75 (10%) at 0.6% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5.01 g of S 104E (1%) at 0.05% level of solidswas added and mixed for 30 minutes. 6 g of FC 129 (0.01%) at 0.06% levelof solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 4 g of Z 6040 (10%) at0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10 g of TYZORLA (10%) at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4 gof Z 6020 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 15minutes. 4 g of A 1100 (10%) at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 3 g of L 7001 (1%) at 0.06% level of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 5 g of ethylene glycol at 10% of solids wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 2326 (10%) at 1% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.5 g of N 1115 (10%) at 1%level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 3 g of A 196 (1%) at0.06% level of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 2.73 g of SCT270 at 1% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.

III. Modified Polymers in Cellulose Based Coatings

In a preferred method, polymers were modified with an aqueousnitrocellulose solution or aqueous ethylcellulose solution or aqueouscellulose acetate butyrate solution in a range between 0.01 g and 1.0 gof aqueous cellulose solution per gram polymer. This is determined bythe viscosity of the resulting mix, which is allowed to react from threeto twenty days and is determined by clarity of film on glass prior toformulating the coatings. The modification optimizes the amount ofcellulose in solution producing an increase in the percent of cellulosein the coating. The modified method produces coatings with increasedclarity, viscosity, flexibility and hardness. The same basic method forformulating the coatings, as described above, is employed with theexception of using the modified polymers.

The following method was employed to formulate the modified polymers.Generally, polymer and aqueous nitrocellulose are mixed in a 1000 mlbeaker. A water bath with a temperature of from about 70° to about 95°C. may be employed to accelerate the reaction. The solution is thenplaced in a container and sits for a few days to several weeks to allowfor reaction. A further step of decanting may be employed if necessary.The ratio of aqueous nitrocellulose solution to polymer varies forparticular polymers.

The most preferred ratio of aqueous nitrocellulose solution to polymeris as follows:

0.066 g aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g A622

0.04 g aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g A655

0.039 g aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g A1054

0.0213 g aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g KRS2411

0.022 g aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g Z259

0.05748 g aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g C525

0.0678 g aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g BT44

0.0201 g aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g R960

0.0615 g of aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g A621

0.06 g of aqueous nitrocellulose solution per 1 g A630

As described above, the general method for formulating nitrocellulosebased coatings is employed using modified polymers. Illustrations ofthis basic method using modified polymers in the most preferredembodiment of the present invention is depicted in the followingexamples.

The following are examples of the methods of making the most preferredmodified coatings:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 64

60 g of modified A630 and 60 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 40 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 0.44 g of FC129 5%at 0.015% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.2.04 g of L7602 5% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.45 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.73 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 9.09 g of NALCO1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 3.42 g ofA196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.29 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.15 g of SPAN80 100% at 0.2% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 63.95 g of A630, unmodified, at 31.5% oftotal volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 19.61 g of A633,unmodified, at 9.66% of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes.28.28 g of A645, unmodified, at 20% of total volume was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 0.7 g of S104-PG 2% at 0.03% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. The amount of solvent (distilled waterand ethanol, 100%), defoamer, germicide and thickener and pigment wasbased on 40% of solids, as required.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 65

60 g of modified A630 and 60 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 40 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 0.44 g of FC129 5%at 0.015% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.2.04 g of L7602 5% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.45 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.73 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 9.09 g of NALCO1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 3.42 g ofA196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.29 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.15 g of SPAN80 100% at 0.2% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 63.95 g of A630, unmodified, at 31.5% oftotal volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 19.61 g of A633,unmodified, at 9.66% of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes.28.28 g of A623, unmodified, at 20% of total volume was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 0.7 g of S104-PG 2% at 0.03% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. The amount of solvent (distilled waterand ethanol, 100%), defoamer, germicide and thickener and pigment wasbased on 40% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 66

360 g of modified A622 and 216 g of modified A655 was mixed for 20minutes. 8.154 g of L7602 4% at 0.15% level of solids was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 6.53 g of S-77 1% at 0.03% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 30 minutes. 0.75 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level ofsolids at 15% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 120 g ofmodified A1054 was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 57.3 g of ethanol200% proof and 14.32 g of distilled water were added and mixed for 25minutes. 2.18 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% level of solids at 50%active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. Thickener was added inquantum sufficient, 0.2% to 0.8% of total solids. The amount of solvent,defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 37.75% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 67

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed togetherfor 10 minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 4.54 g of L7602 4% at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for15 minutes. 3.63 g of SILWET 77 1% at 0.03% of solids was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 4.03 g of N1115 10% at 0.05% of solids at 15%active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent,defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 37.75% of solids. U.V.absorber 1% level of 10% solution is 6.795 g of SPECTRASORB UV 5411.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 68

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed togetherfor 10 minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 60 g of modified R960 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 4.54g of L7602 4% at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.3.63 g of SILWET 77 1% at 0.03% of solids was added and mixed for 25minutes. 4.03 g of N1115 10% at 0.05% of solids at 15% active was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicide andthickener was based on 37.75% of solids. U.V. absorber 1% level of 10%solution is 6.795 g of SPECTRASORB UV 5411.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 69

360 g of modified A622 and 216 g of modified A655 was mixed for 20minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 20 minutes.4.76 g of L7602 10% at 0.18% level of solids was added and mixed for 25minutes. 7.93 g of S77 1% at 0.03% level of solids was added and mixedfor 30 minutes. 0.88 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level of solids at 15%active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 2.12 g of Z6040 100% at 0.8%level of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 8.46 g of TYZOR LA100% at 1.6% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25minutes. 21.16 g of propylene glycol 100% at 0.8% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. 2.64 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% levelof solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. The amountof solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38% ofsolids.

The following are examples of methods of making the preferred modifiedcoatings:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 70

50.2 g of modified A621 and 50.2 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 36 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 30 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.05 g of FC129 1%at 0.015% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.0.96 g of L7602 10% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.37 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.7 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 2.06 g ofPropylene glycol 100% at 3% of volume was added and mixed for 20minutes. 8.53 g of NALCO 1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixedfor 20 minutes. 3.22 g of A196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.27 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at75% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.14 g of SPAN80 100% at0.2% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 82.7 g of A655,unmodified, at 45% of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes.24.51 g of A621, unmodified, at 13.5% of total volume was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 35.56 g of A623, unmodified, at 19.4% of totalvolume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 0.7 g of S104-PG 2% at 0.03%of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. The amountof solvent (distilled water and ethanol, 100%), defoamer, germicide andthickener and pigment was based on 40% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 71

52 g of modified A630 and 52 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 38 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 30 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.17 g of FC129 1%at 0.01 5% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.1.02 g of L7602 10% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.46 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.73 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 9.07 g of NALCO1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 3.41 g ofA196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.28 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.147 g of SPAN80 100% at 0.2% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 43.42 g of A655, unmodified, at 23.6% oftotal volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 29.44 g of A630,unmodified, at 16.% of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes.29.44 g of A623, unmodified, at 16% of total volume was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 0.7 g of S104-PG 2% at 0.03% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. The amount of solvent (distilled waterand ethanol, 100%), defoamer, germicide and thickener and pigment wasbased on 40% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 72

52 g of modified A630 and 52 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 38 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 30 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.17 g of FC129 1%at 0.01 5% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.1.02 g of L7602 10% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.46 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.73 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 9.07 g of NALCO1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 3.41 g ofA196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.28 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.147 g of span80 100% at 0.2% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 67.68 g of A655, unmodified, at 36% oftotal volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 30.08 g of A630,unmodified, at 16.% of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes.5 30.08 g of A623, unmodified, at 16.% of total volume was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 0.7 g of S104-PG 2% at 0.03% of solids at 50%active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. The amount of solvent(distilled water and ethanol, 100%), defoamer, germicide and thickenerand pigment was based on 40% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 73

52 g of modified A630 and 52 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 38 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 30 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.17 g of FC129 1%at 0.015% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.1.02 g of L7602 10% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.46 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.73 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 9.07 g of NALCO1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 3.41 g ofA196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.28 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.147 g of SPAN80 100% at 0.2% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 78.426 g of A630, unmodified, at 41.72%of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 50.06 g of A633,unmodified, at 26.63% of total volume was added and mixed for 15minutes. 51.17 g of A623, unmodified, at 27.22% of total volume wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. Added nitocellulose solution at 0.125 gof total volume of solution, mixed 20 minutes. 0.7 g of S104-PG 2% at0.03% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. Theamount of solvent (distilled water and ethanol, 100%), defoamer,germicide and thickener and pigment was based on 40% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 74

52 g of modified A630 and 52 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 38 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 30 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.17 g of FC129 1%at 0.015% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.1.02 g of L7602 10% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.46 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.73 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 9.07 g of NALCO1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 3.41 g ofA196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.28 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.147 g of SPAN 80 100% at 0.2% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 94 g of JONCRYL 89, unmodified, at 50%of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 41.83 g of JONCRYL77, unmodified, at 22.25% of total volume was added and mixed for 15minutes. 45.12 g of BT44, unmodified, at 24% of total volume was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 18.91 g of N1140 40% at 5% of solids was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.756 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 7.567 g of S104-PG 2% at 0.05% of solidsat 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. The amount of solvent(distilled water and ethanol, 100%), defoamer, germicide and thickenerand pigment was based on 40% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 75

480 g of modified A622 and 288 g of modified A655 was mixed for 20minutes. 160 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 160g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 16.04 g ofS104E 10% at 0.0205% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixedfor 30 minutes. 23.27 g of FC129 0.2% at 0.006% level of solids at 50%active was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 14.67 g of L7602 4% at 0.15%level of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 2.51 g of Z6040 100%at 0.64% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 10.09 g of TYZORLA 100% at 1.29% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for25 minutes. 3.03 g of L7001 10% at 0.058% level of solids at 75% activewas added and mixed for 25 minutes. 4.49 g of A196 10% at 0.068% levelof solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 3.92 g ofN115 100% at 0.15% level of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for25 minutes. 97.44 g of ethanol 200 proof was added and mixed for 25minutes. SUTTOCIDE A was added in quantum sufficient. Thickeners wereadded in quantum sufficient. The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicideand thickener was based on 35.94% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 76

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 60 gof modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 5.78 g of L76024% at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.62 g ofSILWET 77 1% at 0.03% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 5.14g of N1115 10% at 0.05% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for15 minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener wasbased on 37.75% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 77

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 72 gof modified KRS 2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 6.07 g of L76024% at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 6.63 g ofS-104E 1% at 0.0205% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25minutes. 19.40 g of FC129 0.1% at 0.006% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. 4.62 g of Z6040 20% at 0.64% of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 13.91 g of TYZOR LA 30% at 1.29% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 12.51 g ofL7001 1% at 0.058% of solids at 75% active was added and mixed for 15minutes. 15.42 g of N1115 10% at 0.143% of solids at 15% active wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. 12.37 g of A196 1% at 0.065% level ofsolids at 85% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount ofsolvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38.50% ofsolids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 78

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 72 gof modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 5.78 g of L76024% at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.62 g ofSILWET 77 1% at 0.03% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 5.18g of Z6040 20% at 0.64% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes.13.91 g of TYZOR LA 30% at 1.29% of solids at 50% active was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 5.14 g of N1115 10% at 0.05% of solids at 15%active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent,defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38.50% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 79

360 g of modified A622 and 216 g of modified A655 were mixed for 20minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 60g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 5.17 g ofL7602 10% at 0.18% level of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes.8.62 g of S77 10% at 0.03% level of solids was added and mixed for 30minutes. 0.96 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level of solids at 15% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. 2.3 g of Z6040 100% at 0.8% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 9.19 g of TYZOR LA 100% at1.6% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.22.98 g of propylene glycol 0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for25 minutes. 2.87 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% level of solids at 50%active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. The amount of solvent,defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 80

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 20minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 2.38g of L7602 10% at 0.18% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes.3.97 g of S77 1% at 0.03% level of solids was added and mixed for 30minutes. 0.44 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level of solids at 15% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. 30 g of modified KRS2411 was added andmixed for 20 minutes. 10.58 g of propylene glycol 100% at 0.8% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 1.32 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at0.5% level solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. Theamount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38% ofsolids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 81

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 20minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 30 gof modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 2.59 g of L760210% at 0.18% level of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 4.31 gof S77 1% at 0.03% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.0.48 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level of solids at 15% active was addedand mixed for 25 minutes. 11.49 g of propylene glycol at 0.8% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 1.44 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at0.5% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on38% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 82

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 20minutes. 1.97 g of L7602 10% at 0.18% level of solids was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 3.28 g of S77 1% at 0.03% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 30 minutes. 0.36 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level ofsolids at 15% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 20 g ofmodified A1054 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.88 g of Z6040 100%at 0.8% level of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 3.5 g ofTYZOR LA 100% at 1.6% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixedfor 25 minutes. 8.76 g of propylene glycol 100% at 0.8% level of solidswas added and mixed for 25 minutes. 1.09 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5%level of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. Theamount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38% ofsolids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 83

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 20minutes. 1.97 g of L7602 10% at 0.18% level of solids was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 3.28 g of S77 1% at 0.03% level of solids wasadded and mixed for 30 minutes. 0.36 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level ofsolids at 15% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 60 g ofmodified A1054 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 30 g of modifiedKRS2411 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.88 g of Z6040 100% at 0.8%level of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 3.5 g of TYZOR LA100% at 1.6% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25minutes. 8.76 g of propylene glycol 8% level of solids was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 1.09 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% level of solidsat 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 84

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 4.54 g of L7602 4% at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for15 minutes. 3.63 g of SILWET 77 1% at 0.03% of solids was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 4.03 g of N1115 10% at 0.05% of solids at 15%active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent,defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 85

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 6.07 g of L7602 4% at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for15 minutes. 6.63 g of S-104E 1% at 0.0205% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. 19.40 g of FC129 1% at 0.006% of solidsat 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 4.62 g of Z6040 20% at0.64% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 13.91 g of TYZOR LA30% at 1.29% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes.12.51 g of L7001 1% at 0.058% of solids at 75% active was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 15.42 g of N1115 10% at 0.143% of solids at 15%active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 12.37 g of A196 1% at 0.065%of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. The amountof solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38% ofsolids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 86

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 14.18 g of DF75 1% at 0.5435% of solids was added and mixed for15 minutes. 10.70 g of S-104E 1% at 0.0205% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. 31.33 g of FC129 1% at 0.006% of solidsat 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 8.35 g of Z6040 20% at0.64% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 22.45 g of TYZOR LA30% at 1.29% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes.20.19 g of L7001 1% at 0.058% of solids at 75% active was added andmixed for 15 minutes. 24.89 g of N1115 10% at 0.143% of solids at 15%active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 19.96 g of A196 1% at 0.065%of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. The amountof solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38% ofsolids.

The following are additional examples of the method of making themodified coatings:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 87

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 60 gof modified Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 5.78 g of L7602 4%at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.62 g of SILWET77 1% at 0.03% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 5.14 g ofN1115 10% at 0.05% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for 15minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener wasbased on 37.75% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 88

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 60 gof modified C525 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 5.78 g of L7602 4%at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.62 g of SILWET77 1% at 0.03% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 5.14 g ofN1115 10% at 0.05% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for 15minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener wasbased on 37.75% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 89

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 60 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 60 gof modified BT44 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 5.78 g of L7602 4%at 0.15% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 4.62 g of SILWET77 1% at 0.03% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 5.14 g ofN1115 10% at 0.05% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for 15minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener wasbased on 37.75% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 90

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed togetherfor 10 minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10minutes. 90 g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90g of modified of BT44 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g ofmodified Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g of modified C525was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 16.06 g of DF75 10% at 0.5435% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 12.13 g of S-104E 1% at0.0205% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.35.48 g of FC129 0.1% at 0.006% of solids at 50% active was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 9.46 g of Z6040 20% at 0.64% of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 25.43 g of TYZOR LA 30% at 1.29% of solids at50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 22.87 of L7001 1% at0.058% of solids at 75% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 28.19g of N1115 10% at 0.143% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for15 minutes. 22.61 g of A196 1% at 0.065% of solids at 85% active wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer,germicide and thickener was based on 38.50% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 91

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g ofmodified BT44 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g of modified C525was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 14.18 g of DF75 1% at 0.5435% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10.70 g of S-104E 1% at0.0205% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.31.33 g of FC129 0.1% at 0.006% of solids at 50% active was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 8.35 g of Z6040 20% at 0.64% of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes 22.45 g of TYZOR LA 30% at 1.29% of solids at50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 20.19 g of L7001 1% at0.058% of solids at 75% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 24.89g of N1115 10% at 0.143% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for15 minutes. 19.96 g of A196 1% at 0.065% of solids at 85% active wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer,germicide and thickener was based on 38.50% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 92

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g ofmodified Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g of modified C525was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 14.18 g of DF75 1% at 0.5435% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10.70 g of S-104E 1% at0.0205% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.31.33 g of FC129 0.1% at 0.006% of solids at 50% active was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 8.35 g of Z6040 20% at 0.64% of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes 22.45 g of TYZOR LA 30% at 1.29% of solids at50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 20.19 g of L7001 1% at0.058% of solids at 75% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 24.89g of N1115 10% at 0.143% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for15 minutes. 19.96 g of A196 1% at 0.065% of solids at 85% active wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer,germicide and thickener was based on 38.50% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 93

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g ofmodified Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g of modified C525was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 9.79 g of L7602 4% at 0.15% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 7.83 g of SILWET 77 1% at0.03% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 8.35 g of Z6040 20%at 0.64% of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 22.45 g of TYZORLA 30% at 1.29% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 15minutes. 20.19 g of L7001 1% at 0.058% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. 24.89 g of N1115 10% at 0.143% of solids at15% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 19.96 g of A196 1% at0.065% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. Theamount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 38.50%of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 94

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g ofmodified Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g of modified C525was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 9.79 g of L7602 4% at 0.15% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10.71 g of S-104E 1% at0.0205% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.31.33 g of FC129 0.1% at 0.006% of solids at 50% active was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 8.35 g of Z6040 20% at 0.64% of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes 22.45 g of TYZOR LA 30% at 1.29% of solids at50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 20.19 g of L7001 1% at0.058% of solids at 75% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 26.11g of N1115 10% at 0.15% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for15 minutes. 19.96 g of A196 1% at 0.065% of solids at 85% active wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer,germicide and thickener was based on 38.50% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 95

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g ofmodified Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g of modified C525was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 9.79 g of L7602 4% at 15% of solidswas added and mixed for 15 minutes. 7.83 g of SILWET 77 1% at 0.03% ofsolids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 8.35 g of Z6040 20% at 0.64%of solids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 22.45 g of TYZOR LA 30% at1.29% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 26.03g of N1115 10% at 0.15% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for15 minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener wasbased on 38.50% of solids.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 96

180 g of modified A622 and 108 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g ofmodified Z259 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 90 g of modified C525was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 14.18 g of DF75 1% at 0.5435% ofsolids was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 10.70 g of S-104E 1% at0.0205% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.31.33 g of FC129 0.1% at 0.006% of solids at 50% active was added andmixed for 25 minutes. 8.35 g of Z6040 20% at 0.64% of solids was addedand mixed for 15 minutes 22.45 g of TYZOR LA 30% at 1.29% of solids at50% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 20.19 g of L7001 1% at0.058% of solids at 75% active was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 24.89g of N1115 10% at 0.143% of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for15 minutes. 19.96 g of A196 1% at 0.065% of solids at 85% active wasadded and mixed for 15 minutes. The amount of solvent, defoamer,germicide and thickener was based on 38.50% of solids.

IV. Pigmented Coatings

Pigmented coatings are obtained by adding dispersed treated pigments tothe cellulose-based coatings. The dispersed treated pigments areobtained by repeatedly mixing the pigments with silanes, titanates andother additives, and heating until desiccation. Distilled water may beadded at each step to allow for proper mixing. The treated pigments arethen milled with a wetting agent and dispersing surfactant. The milledpigment is added to the appropriate coating formula.

Generally, the pigments are placed in a glass beaker and silane isadded. Pigments employed in the present invention include but are notlimited to D & C red 21, D & C yellow, D & C cosmetic iron blue, D & CT102 and D & C cosmetic dioxide. Silanes used in the present inventioninclude but are not limited to Z 6040, 25-additive, A 1100, and Z 6020.After mixing the pigments and silane for about 5 minutes, the vessel isheated with occassional stirring until all the liquid is desiccated.Titanate is then added and the mass is mixed for about 5 minutes. Thetitanates employed in the present invention include TYZOR TE, and TYZORLA. The mass is then heated with occassional stirring until all theliquid has dried. Again, silane is added and the mass is mixed for about5 minutes. The mass is heated and stirred until desiccated. Silane isadded and mixed for about 5 minutes. The mass is again heated andstirred until desiccated. The material is placed in a mill, thendispersed with a wetting agent for about 30 minutes. The preferredwetting agent of the present invention is S-104E but others known in theart may be employed. Finally, a dispersing surfactant is added and thematerial is placed in a mill for about 90 minutes. The preferreddispersing surfactants of the present invention are CT 136 and L7602.The dispersed treated pigments are then added to the coating prepared asdescribed above and mixed for about 20 minutes. The following examplesemploy the general technique described above to formulate the dispersedtreated pigments:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 97

0.55 g D&C red 6, 0.45 g D&C red 34 and 1 g Z6040 (10%) at 10% of solidswere combined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved athigh for 5 minutes. 4 g TYZOR TE (10%) at 26% of solids at 50% activewas added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 5 minutes at high. 5 gof distilled water was added. 0.5 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 0.0625% level ofsolids was added and mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 5 minutes athigh.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 98

12 g D&C red 6 and 24 g Z 6040 (10%) at 20% of solids were combined in aglass beaker, mixed for 20 minutes and microwaved at high for 10minutes. 24 g of TYZOR TE (10%) at 10% of solids at 50% active wasadded. 60 g of distilled water was added. The combination was mixed for5 minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 6 g of CMC-7H (1%) at0.5% of solids was added and mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 5minutes at high.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 99

14 g of D&C red 6 and 14 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 10% of solids werecombined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at highfor 10 minutes. 28 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at 10% of solids at 50% activewas added. The combination was mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved athigh for 10 minutes. 14 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 10% of solids was added,mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 7 g of CMC-7H(1%) at 0.5% solids was mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 10minutes at high.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 100

14 g of D&C red 6 and 14 g of Z 6040 (10%) at 10% of solids werecombined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at highfor 10 minutes. 28 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at 10% of solids at 50% activewas added. The combination was mixed for 5 minutes and then microwavedat high for 10 minutes. 14 g of Z 6020 (10%) at 10% of solids was added,mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 14 g of A1100 (10%) at 10% of solids was added, mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved at high for 10 minutes. 7 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 0.5% solids wasadded, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 10 minutes at high.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 101

4.02 g of D&C red 7, 0.8 g of D&C red 6, 1.8 g of D & C TiO₂, 3.13 g ofD&C red 34, 0.01 g of D&C cosmetic iron blue, 0.25 g of D&C yellow 5 and0.02 g of D&C cosmetic dioxide (total of 10 g of pigment) and 10 g of Z6040 (10%) at 10% of solids were combined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 30 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at15% of solids at 50% active was added. The combination was mixed for 5minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 10 g of Z 6020 (10%) at10% of solids was added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for10 minutes. 10 g of A 1100 (10%) at 10% of solids was added, mixed for 5minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 5 g of CMC-7H (1%) at0.5% of solids was added and mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 5minutes at high. 6.67 g of NALCO 1115 100% at 10% of solids at 15%active and 10 g of distilled water were added, mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved at high for 5 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 102

4.02 g of D&C red 7, 0.8 g of D&C red 6, 1.8 g of D&C TiO₂, 3.13 g ofD&C red 34, 0.01 g of D&C cosmetic iron blue, 0.25 g of D&C yellow 5,0.02 of D&C cosmetic dioxide (total of 10 g of pigment) and 10 g of Z6040 (10%) at 10% of solids were combined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 30 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at15% of solids at 50% active was added. The combination was mixed for 5minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 10 g of Z 6020 (10%) at10% of solids was added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for10 minutes. 10 g of A 1100 (10%) at 10% of solids was added, mixed for 5minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 50 g of CMC-7H (1%) at 5%of solids was added and mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 5 minutesat high.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 103

4.02 g of D&C red 7, 0.08 of D&C red 6, 1.8 g of D&C TiO₂, 3.13 g of D&Cred 34, 0.01 g of D&C cosmetic iron blue, 0.25 g of D&C yellow 5, 0.02 gof D&C cosmetic dioxide (total of 10 g of pigment) and 20 g of Z 6040(10%) of 20% of solids were combined in a glass beaker, mixed for 10minutes and microwaved at high for 5 minutes. 80 g of TYZOR LA (10%) at40% of solids at 50% active was added. The combination was mixed for 5minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes. 20 g of Z 6020 (10%) at20% of solids was added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for10 minutes. 20 g of A 1100 (10%) at 20% of solids was added, mixed for 5minutes and microwaved at high for 10 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 104

10 g of pigment, 5 g of Z6040 20% at 10% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water were combined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 4 minutes at high. 20 g of TYZOR LA or TYZOR TE 30% at30% of solids at 50% active, 1 g of 25-additive 100% at 10% of solids, 5g of Z6020 20% at 10% level of solids and 10 g of distilled water werecombined and added to the above mixture. The mixture was then mixed for5 minutes and microwaved for 4 minutes at high. 5 g of A1100 20% at 10%level of solids and 10 g of distilled water were combined and added tothe above mixture. The mixture was then mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 4 minutes at high. 30 g of CMC-7H 1% at 3% of solids wasthen mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 4 minutes at high. 20 g ofNALCO 1115 100% at 30% of solids at 15% active and 10 g of distilledwater were combined and added to the above mixture. The mixture was thenmixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for 4 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 105

10 g of pigment, 10 g of Z6040 20% at 20% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water were combined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 4 minutes at high. 33.3 g of TYZOR LA or TYZOR TE 30% at50% of solids at 50% active, 2 g of 25-additive 100% at 20% of solids,10 g of Z6020 20% at 20% level of solids and 10 g of distilled waterwere combined and added to the above mixture. The mixture was then mixedfor 5 minutes and microwaved for 4 minutes at high. 10 g of A1100 20% at20% level of solids and 10 g of distilled water were combined and addedto the above mixture. The mixture was then mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 4 minutes at high. 40 g of CMC-7H 1% at 4% of solids wasthen mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 4 minutes at high. 26.67 gof NALCO 1115 100% at 40% of solids at 15% active and 10 g of distilledwater were combined and added to the above mixture. The mixture was thenmixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for 4 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 106

10 g of pigment, 15 g of Z6040 20% at 30% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water were combined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 4 minutes at high. 40 g of TYZOR LA or TYZOR TE 30% at60% of solids at 50% active, 5 g of 25-additive 100% at 50% of solids,20 g of Z6020 20% at 40% level of solids and 10 g of distilled waterwere combined and added to the above mixture. The mixture was then mixedfor 5 minutes and microwaved for 4 minutes at high. 20 g of A1100 20% at40% level of solids and 10 g of distilled water were combined and addedto the above mixture. The mixture was then mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 4 minutes at high. 10 g of CMC-7H 1% at 1% of solids wasthen mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 4 minutes at high. 10 g ofNALCO 1115 100% at 15% of solids at 15% active and 10 g of distilledwater were combined and added to the above mixture. The mixture was thenmixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for 4 minutes.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 107

10 g of pigment, 20 g of Z6040 20% at 40% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water were combined in a glass beaker, mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 4 minutes at high. 46.67 g of TYZOR LA or TYZOR TE 30% at70% of solids at 50% active, 6 g of 25-additive 100% at 60% of solids,20 g of Z6020 20% at 40% level of solids and 10 g of distilled waterwere combined and added to the above mixture. The mixture was then mixedfor 5 minutes and microwaved for 4 minutes at high. 20 g of A1100 20% at40% level of solids and 10 g of distilled water were combined and addedto the above mixture. The mixture was then mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 4 minutes at high. 50 g of CMC-7H 1% at 5% of solids wasthen mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 4 minutes at high. 36.67 gof NALCO 1115 100% at 55% of solids at 15% active and 10 g of distilledwater were combined and added to the above mixture. The mixture was thenmixed for 5 minutes and microwaved at high for 4 minutes.

The following examples employ the most preferred method of formulatingthe pigmented coatings:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 108

The coating is prepared by the following method.

60 g of modified A630 and 60 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 40 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 20 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 0.44 g of FC129 5%at 0.01 5% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.2.04 g of L7602 5% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.45 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.73 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 9.09 g of NALCO1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 3.42 g ofA196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.29 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.15 g of SPAN 80 100% at 0.2% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 63.95 g of A630, unmodified, at 31.5% oftotal volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 19.61 g of A633,unmodified, at 9.66% of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes.28.28 g of A645, unmodified, at 20% of total volume was added and mixedfor 15 minutes. 0.7 g of S104-PG 2% at 0.03% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 25 minutes. The amount of solvent (distilled waterand ethanol, 100%), defoamer, germicide and thickener and pigment wasbased on 40% of solids, as required.

The pigments are treated by the following technique.

10 g of Red 27 Alumina Lake/TiO₂ /Zirconium lake. 2 g of Z6040 100% at20% level of solids, 20 g of distilled water and the pigment were mixedfor 5 minutes and heated until dessicated while mixing. 8.08 g of TYZORLA 100% at 40% level of solids at 50% active and 20 g of distilled waterwere added, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated whilemixing. 2 g of Z6020 20% at 100% level of solids and 20 g of distilledwater was added, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated whilemixing. 2 g of A1100 100% at 20% level of solids and 20 g of distilledwater was added, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated whilemixing. 10 g of CMC-7H 1% at 1% level of solids and 20 g of distilledwas added, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated while mixing.5 g of N1140 40% at 20% level of solids and 20 g of distilled water wereadded, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated while mixing.

4 g of the above treated pigments was added to a plastic container withmetal balls. 4 g of S104PG 2% at 1% level of solids at 50% active wasadded with 2 g ethanol 10% at 5% level and 2 g distilled water at 5% ofsolids. This was milled for 30 minutes. 11.2 g of L7602 5% at 14% levelof solids was added and milled for 120 minutes.

The above coating was added at 3 g of pigment to 100 g of coating.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 109

The coating is prepared by the following method.

360 g of modified A622 and 216 g of modified A655 were mixed for 20minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 25 minutes.8.154 g of L7602 4% at 0.15% level of solids was added and mixed for 25minutes. 6.53 g of S-77 1% at 0.03% level of solids was added and mixedfor 30 minutes. 0.75 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level of solids at 15%active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 15.76 g of propylene glycolat 8% level were added and mixed for 25 minutes. 2.18 g of SUTTOCIDE A100% at 0.5% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25minutes. Thickener was added in quantum sufficient, 0.2% to 0.8% oftotal solids. The amount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickenerwas based on 37.75% of solids.

The pigments are treated by the following technique.

6 g of Ba lake #6 red, 2 g of Orange #5 AL lake, 2 g of red #34 Ca lakeand 10 g of red #7 Ca lake were combined (20 g of pigment). 20 g ofZ6040 20% at 20% level of solids, 10 g of distilled water and thepigment were mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high.16.08 g of TYZOR LA 100% at 40% level of solids at 50% active and log ofdistilled water were added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6minutes at high. 20 g of Z6020 20% at 20% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water was added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6minutes at high. 20 g of A1100 20% at 20% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water was added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6minutes at high. 40.2 g of CMC-7H 1% at 2% level of solids was added,mixed for 10 minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high. 40 g of N1115100% at 30% level of solids at 15% active and 20 g of distilled waterwere added, mixed for 10 minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high. 8g of the above treated pigments was added to a metal cylinder with metalballs. 8 g of SILWET 77 1% at 1% level of solids was added and milledfor 60 minutes. 1.44 g of L7602 100% at 18% level of solids was addedand milled for 120 minutes.

The treated pigments from above are dispersed by the followingtechnique.

8 g of treated pigment and 4 g of CMC-7H 10% at 0.5% level of solidswere mixed and milled for 15 minutes. 8 g of S104E 2% at 1% level ofsolids at 50% active was added and milled for 30 minutes. 1.44 g ofL7602 100% at 18% level of solids was added and milled for 90 minutes.The coating from above was added in quantum sufficient for desiredintensity of color.

The following examples employ a preferred method of formulating thepigmented coatings:

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 110

52 g of modified A630 and 52 g of modified A655 were mixed for 10minutes. 38 g of modified A622 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 30 gof modified A1054 was added and mixed for 10 minutes. 2.17 g of FC129 1%at 0.015% of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes.1.02 g of L7602 10% at 0.14% of solids was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.364 g of Z6040 100% at 0.5% of solids was added and mixed for20 minutes. 1.46 g of TYZOR La 100% at 1% of solids at 50% active wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 0.73 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% ofsolids at 50% active was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 9.07 g of NALCO1140 40% at 5% of solids was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 3.41 g ofA196 100% at 0.4% of solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 20minutes. 0.28 g of OT75 100% at 0.3% of solids at 75% active was addedand mixed for 20 minutes. 0.147 g of SPAN 80 100% at 0.2% of solids wasadded and mixed for 20 minutes. 78.426 g of A630, unmodified, at 41.72%of total volume was added and mixed for 15 minutes. 50.06 g of A633,unmodified, at 26.63% of total volume was added and mixed for 15minutes. 51.17 g of A623, unmodified at 27.22% of total volume was addedand mixed for 15 minutes. Added nitocellulose solution at 0.125 g oftotal volume of solution, mixed 20 minutes. 0.7 g of S104-PG 2% at 0.03%of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. The amountof solvent (distilled water and ethanol, 100%), defoamer, germicide andthickener and pigment was based on 40% of solids.

The pigments are treated by the following technique.

10 g of Red 27 Alumina Lake/TiO₂ /Zirconium lake. 2 g of Z6040 100% at20% level of solids, 20 g of distilled water and the pigment were mixedfor 5 minutes and heated until dessicated while mixing. 8.08 g of TYZORLA 100% at 40% level of solids at 50% active and 20 g of distilled waterwere added, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated whilemixing. 2 g of Z6020 20% at 100% level of solids and 20 g of distilledwater was added, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated whilemixing. 2 g of A1100 100% at 20% level of solids and 20 g of distilledwater was added, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated whilemixing. 20 g of CMC-7H 1% at 2% level of solids and 20 g of distilledwas added, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated while mixing.5 g of N1140 40% at 20% level of solids and 20 g of distilled water wereadded, mixed for 5 minutes and heated until dessicated while mixing.

4 g of the above treated pigments was added to a plastic container withmetal balls. 4 g of S104PG 2% at 1% level of solids at 50% active wasadded with 2 g ethanol 10% at 5% level and 2 g distilled water at 5% ofsolids. This was milled for 30 minutes. 11.2 g of L7602 5% at 14% levelof solids was added and milled for 120 minutes.

The above coating was added at 3 g of pigment to 100 g of coating.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 111

The coating is prepared by the following method.

360 g of modified A622 and 216 g of modified A655 were mixed for 20minutes. 120 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 120g of modified R960 was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 8.154 g of L76024% at 0.15% level of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 6.53 gof S-77 1% at 0.03% level of solids was added and mixed for 30 minutes.0.75 g of N1115 100% at 0.05% level of solids at 15% active was addedand mixed for 25 minutes. 15.76 g of propylene glycol at 8% level wereadded and mixed for 25 minutes. 2.18 g of SUTTOCIDE A 100% at 0.5% levelof solids at 50% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. Thickenerwas added in quantum sufficient, 0.2% to 0.8% of total solids. Theamount of solvent, defoamer, germicide and thickener was based on 37.75%of solids.

The pigments are treated by the following technique.

6 g of Ba lake #6 red, 2 g of Orange #5 AL lake, 2 g of red #34 Ca lakeand 10 g of red #7 Ca lake were combined (20 g of pigment). 20 g ofZ6040 20% at 20% level of solids, 10 g of distilled water and thepigment were mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high.16.08 g of TYZOR LA 100% at 40% level of solids at 50% active and 10 gof distilled water were added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6minutes at high. 20 g of Z6020 20% at 20% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water was added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6minutes at high. 20 g of A1100 20% at 20% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water was added, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6minutes at high. 40.2 g of CMC-7H 1% at 2% level of solids was added,mixed for 10 minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high. 40 g of N1115100% at 30% level of solids at 15% active and 20 g of distilled waterwere added, mixed for 10 minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high. 8g of the above treated pigments was added to a metal cylinder with metalballs. 8 g of 77 SILWET. 1% at 1% level of solids was added and milledfor 60 minutes. 1.44 g of L7602 100% at 18% level of solids was addedand milled for 120 minutes.

The treated pigments from above are dispersed by the followingtechnique.

8 g of treated pigment and 4 g of CMC-7H 10% at 0.5% level of solidswere mixed and milled for 15 minutes. 8 g of S104E 2% at 1% level ofsolids at 50% active was added and milled for 30 minutes. 1.44 g ofL7602 100% at 18% level of solids was added and milled for 90 minutes.The coating from above was added in quantum sufficient for desiredintensity of color.

SPECIFIC EXAMPLE 112

The coating is prepared by the following method.

480 g of modified A622 and 288 g of modified A655 were mixed for 20minutes. 160 g of modified A1054 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 160g of modified KRS2411 was added and mixed for 20 minutes. 16.04 g ofS104E 10% at 0.0205% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixedfor 30 minutes. 23.27 g of FC129 0.2% at 0.006% level of solids at 50%active was added and mixed for 30 minutes. 14.67 g of L7602 4% at 0.15%level of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 2.51 g of Z6040 100%at 0.64% of solids was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 10.09 g of TYZORLA 100% at 1.29% level of solids at 50% active was added and mixed for25 minutes. 3.03 g of L7001 10% at 0.058% level of solids at 75% activewas added and mixed for 25 minutes. 4.49 g of A196 10% at 0.068% levelof solids at 85% active was added and mixed for 25 minutes. 3.92 g of N115 100% at 0.15% level of solids at 15% active was added and mixed for25 minutes. 97.44 g of ethanol 200 proof was added and mixed for 25minutes. SUTTOCIDE A was added in quantum sufficient. Thickeners wereadded in quantum sufficient.

The pigments are treated by the following technique.

20 g of pigment, 20 g of Z6040 20% at 20% level of solids and 10 g ofdistilled water were mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes athigh. 40 g of TYZOR LA 40% at 40% level of solids at 50% active wasadded, mixed for 5 minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high. 6 g of#25 (Dow Corning) at 100% at 30% level of solids, 20 g of Z6020 20% at20% level of solids and 10 g of distilled water was added, mixed for 5minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high. 20 g of A1100 20% at 20%level of solids and 10 g of distilled water was added, mixed for 5minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high. 40 g of CMC-7H 1% at 20%level of solids and 20 g of distilled water were added, mixed for 5minutes and microwaved for 6 minutes at high. 40 g of N1115 100% at 30%level of solids at 15% active was added, mixed for 5 minutes andmicrowaved for 6 minutes at high.

The treated pigments from above are dispersed by the followingtechnique.

5 g of treated pigment, 5 g of SILWET 77 1% at 1% level of solids, and20 g of distilled water were placed in a shaker and were shaken for 60minutes. 0.9 g of L7602 100% at 18% level of solids was added and shakenfor 120 minutes. The treated and dispersed pigments were then added to120 g of the above coating.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for preparing an aqueous cellulosecomposition comprising the following steps:a) mixing water and acellulose compound selected from the group consisting of nitrocellulose,ethylcellulose and cellulose acetate butyrate in a ratio of from about 2parts by weight water per part by weight cellulose compound to about 20parts by weight water per part by weight cellulose compound, therebyforming a water-cellulose mixture; b) adding a glycol ether solvent tothe water-cellulose mixture in a ratio of from about 2 parts by weightsolvent to about 20 parts by weight solvent per part by weight cellulosecompound present in the water-cellulose mixture thereby forming awater-cellulose solvent mixture; and c) mixing the water-cellulosesolvent mixture thereby forming an aqueous cellulose solution.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the step of mixing water and a cellulosecompound further comprises adding the water to the cellulose compound inmultiple steps.
 3. An aqueous nitrocellulose solution obtained by themethod of claim
 1. 4. An aqueous ethylcellulose solution obtained by themethod of claim
 1. 5. An aqueous cellulose acetate butyrate solutionobtained by the method of claim
 1. 6. An aqueous cellulose solutionconsisting essentially of a cellulose compound selected from the groupconsisting of nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose and cellulose acetatebutyrate, water and glycol ether solvent in a ratio of from about 2 toabout 20 parts by weight water and from about 2 to about 20 parts byweight solvent, per part by weight cellulose compound.
 7. An aqueouscellulose solution consisting essentially of a cellulose compoundselected from the group of nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose and celluloseacetate butyrate, water and glycol ether solvent in a ratio of fromabout 0.5 to about 4 parts by weight water and from about 1 to about 7parts by weight solvent, per part by weight cellulose compound.
 8. Anaqueous cellulose solution comprising a cellulose compound selected fromthe group consisting of nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose and celluloseacetate butyrate, water and glycol ether solvent in a ratio of fromabout 2 to about 20 parts by weight water and from about 2 to about 20parts by weight solvent, per part by weight cellulose compound.
 9. Anaqueous cellulose solution comprising a cellulose compound selected fromthe group of nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose and cellulose acetatebutyrate, water and glycol ether solvent in a ratio of from about 0.5 toabout 4 parts by weight water and from about 1 to about 7 parts byweight solvent, per part by weight cellulose compound.